Memorial Day(美国阵亡将士纪念日)

【介绍】：
        阵亡将士纪念日：每年5月的最后一个星期一,是美国的阵亡将士纪念日,纪念美国历史上所有为国捐躯的人。
       1866年这一年，美国正在慢慢从漫长血腥的南北战争中恢复过来。幸存的士兵们回到家乡，带着伤残的身体和要诉说的故事。亨利·韦尔斯（Henry Welles），纽约滑铁卢的一个药店老板听到士兵们的故事并有了一个主意。他建议城里所有的商店停业一天为埋葬在滑铁卢的士兵们默哀。5月5日早晨，市民们将花束、花圈和十字架放在公墓里北方士兵的墓碑前。大约在同时，乔纳森·洛根（Jonathan Logan） 将军正在准备另一个纪念仪式，这个仪式是为了在战争中幸存的士兵。他带领退伍军人穿过市镇到墓地用旗帜装饰共同作战的士兵的墓地。这不是一个令人快乐的庆祝活动而是纪念。人们叫它装饰日。
        乔纳森·洛根将军在宣布纪念日时说："1868年5月30日，我们要在士兵们的墓上撒上鲜花，或用其他方式装饰他们的墓地，他们在保卫自己的国家和最近的革命中牺牲，他们的身体被埋葬在这块土地上的几乎每座城市、村庄和小村落里。在悼念中没有既定的仪式，但是退伍军人协会的地方分会和伙伴们可以按照自己的方式安排环境允许的合适的活动和参拜仪式。"
        这两个仪式在1868年合二为一，北方诸州在5月30日举行这个仪式。孩子们朗诵诗歌并唱内战歌曲，退伍老兵穿着制服戴着勋章来到学校跟孩子们说内战的故事。然后老兵们就在市民的跟随下来到墓地。他们装饰士兵们的墓地，为站在国旗旁边的士兵拍照。向空中鸣枪，向为保持美国完整统一献出生命的北方士兵致敬。
        1882年，这个节日更名为纪念日，同样哀悼在之前的战争中牺牲的士兵。在美国北方各州，这个日子被定为一个法定假日。南方各州在不同的时间哀悼他们战死的士兵。1971年尼克松总统宣布纪念日和其他的一些节日为国家假日，纪念日定为5月的最后一个周一。

【Introduction】:
        Memorial Day is a United States federal holiday that is observed on the last Monday of May (observed in 2008 on May 26). It was formerly known as Decoration Day. This holiday commemorates U.S. men and women who have died in military service to their country. It began first to honor Union soldiers who died during the American Civil War. After World War I, it was expanded to include those who died in any war or military action
        Memorial Day, originally called Decoration Day, is a day of remembrance for those who have died in our nation's service. There are many stories as to its actual beginnings, with over two dozen cities and towns laying claim to being the birthplace of Memorial Day. There is also evidence that organized women's groups in the South were decorating graves before the end of the Civil War: a hymn published in 1867, "Kneel Where Our Loves are Sleeping" by Nella L. Sweet carried the dedication "To The Ladies of the South who are Decorating the Graves of the Confederate Dead" (Source: Duke University's Historic American Sheet Music,1850-1920). While Waterloo N.Y. was officially declared the birthplace of Memorial Day by President Lyndon Johnson in May 1966, it's difficult to prove conclusively the origins of the day. It is more likely that it had many separate beginnings; each of those towns and every planned or spontaneous gathering of people to honor the war dead in the 1860's tapped into the general human need to honor our dead, each contributed honorably to the growing movement that culminated in Gen Logan giving his official proclamation in 1868. It is not important who was the very first, what is important is that Memorial Day was established. Memorial Day is not about division. It is about reconciliation; it is about coming together to honor those who gave their all.